Weldability nke ihe igwe na-ezo aka n'ikike nke ihe igwe iji nweta ezigbo nkwonkwo ịgbado ọkụ site na iji ụfọdụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ, gụnyere usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ihe ịgbado ọkụ, nkọwa ịgbado ọkụ na ụdị nhazi nhazi.Ọ bụrụ na ígwè nwere ike nweta ezigbo nkwonkwo ịgbado ọkụ site na iji usoro ịgbado ọkụ na-adịkarị na nke dị mfe, a na-ewere ya dị ka ịrụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ dị mma.The weldability nke metal ihe na-adịkarị kewara abụọ akụkụ: usoro weldability na ngwa weldability.
Usoro weldability: na-ezo aka n'ikike iji nweta ihe dị mma, nkwonkwo na-enweghị ntụpọ n'okpuru ụfọdụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ.Ọ bụghị ihe e bu pụta ụwa nke igwe, kama a na-enyocha ya dabere na usoro ịgbado ọkụ na usoro usoro a kapịrị ọnụ ejiri.Ya mere, usoro weldability nke ígwè ihe na-ejikọta ya na usoro ịgbado ọkụ.
Weldability ọrụ: na-ezo aka n'ókè nke nkwonkwo welded ma ọ bụ usoro dum na-ezute arụmọrụ ọrụ akọwapụtara site na ọnọdụ teknụzụ ngwaahịa.Arụmọrụ na-adabere na ọnọdụ ọrụ nke ihe owuwu welded na nkà na ụzụ chọrọ n'ihu na imewe.Ọtụtụ mgbe na-agụnye n'ibu Njirimara, ala okpomọkụ siri ike na-eguzogide, kenkuwa mgbaji na-eguzogide, elu okpomọkụ creep, ike ọgwụgwụ Njirimara, na-adịgide adịgide ike, corrosion eguzogide na eyi iguzogide, wdg Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị a na-ejikarị S30403 na S31603 igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere magburu onwe corrosion eguzogide, na 16MnDR na 09MnNiDR igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-enwekwa ezigbo nguzogide siri ike dị ala.
Ihe ndị na-emetụta ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ nke ihe ígwè
1.Material ihe
Akụrụngwa gụnyere ihe mgbado ụkwụ na ihe mgbado ọkụ.N'okpuru otu ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ, isi ihe na-ekpebi weldability nke isi metal bụ anụ ahụ Njirimara na chemical mejupụtara.
N'ihe gbasara akụrụngwa anụ ahụ: ihe ndị dị ka ebe mgbaze, conductivity thermal, linear expansion coefficient, density, okpomọkụ ike na ihe ndị ọzọ nke metal niile nwere mmetụta na usoro dị ka okpomọkụ okirikiri, agbaze, crystallization, usoro mgbanwe, wdg. , si otú na-emetụta weldability.Akụrụngwa nwere obere okpomọkụ dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere nnukwu gradients okpomọkụ, nrụgide fọdụrụnụ dị elu, na nnukwu nrụrụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ.Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ogologo oge obibi na okpomọkụ dị elu, ọka ndị dị na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-eto eto, nke na-emebi ọrụ nkwonkwo.Igwe anaghị agba nchara Austenitic nwere nnukwu ọnụọgụ mgbasawanye linear yana nrụrụ nkwonkwo siri ike na nrụgide.
N'ihe gbasara ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, ihe kacha emetụta bụ carbon, nke pụtara na carbon ọdịnaya nke metal na-ekpebi ike weldability ya.Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ alloying na ígwè adịghị akwado ịgbado ọkụ, ma mmetụta ha na-adịkarị obere karịa nke carbon.Ka carbon ọdịnaya na ígwè na-abawanye, ike ike na-abawanye, plasticity na-ebelata, na ịgbado ọkụ cracks na-adịkarị mfe ime.Na-emekarị, uche nke metal ihe na cracks n'oge ịgbado ọkụ na mgbanwe nke n'ibu Njirimara nke welded nkwonkwo ebe na-eji dị ka isi egosi iji nyochaa weldability nke ihe.Ya mere, ka carbon ọdịnaya dị elu, nke ka njọ weldability.Igwe carbon dị ala na obere alloy nwere obere carbon nke na-erughị 0.25% nwere ezigbo plasticity na mmetụta siri ike, na plasticity na mmetụta siri ike nke nkwonkwo welded mgbe ịgbado ọkụ dịkwa ezigbo mma.Preheating na post-weld ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ adịghị achọrọ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ, na ịgbado ọkụ usoro dị mfe ịchịkwa, ya mere o nwere ezi weldability.
Na mgbakwunye, steeti mgbaze na mpịakọta, ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, steeti nhazi, wdg nke ígwè niile na-emetụta weldability na ogo dị iche iche.Enwere ike imezi weldability nke ígwè site n'ịnụcha ma ọ bụ na-edozi ọka na usoro mpịakọta a na-achịkwa.
Ihe ịgbado ọkụ na-ekere òkè ozugbo na usoro mmeghachi omume metallurgical kemịkalụ n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, nke na-ekpebi ihe mejupụtara, ihe owuwu, njirimara na ntụpọ nguzobe nke igwe weld.Ọ bụrụ na ahọpụtara ihe ndị na-agbado ọkụ n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ma ghara ikwekọ na metal ntọala, ọ bụghị nanị na a ga-enweta nkwonkwo nke na-emezu ihe a chọrọ iji mee ihe, ma a ga-ewebatakwa ntụpọ dị ka mgbawa na mgbanwe na ihe nhazi.Ya mere, nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ihe ịgbado ọkụ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji hụ na nkwonkwo welded dị elu.
2. Usoro ihe
Usoro ihe na-agụnye ịgbado ọkụ ụzọ, ịgbado ọkụ usoro parameters, ịgbado ọkụ usoro, preheating, post-ekpo ọkụ na post-weld okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, wdg The ịgbado ọkụ usoro nwere oké mmetụta na weldability, tumadi na abụọ akụkụ: okpomọkụ isi iyi àgwà na nchebe ọnọdụ.
Dị iche iche ịgbado ọkụ ụzọ nwere nnọọ iche iche okpomọkụ isi mmalite na okwu nke ike, ike njupụta, kacha kpo oku okpomọkụ, wdg metals welded n'okpuru dị iche iche okpomọkụ isi mmalite ga-egosi dị iche iche ịgbado ọkụ Njirimara.Dị ka ihe atụ, ike nke electroslag welding dị nnọọ elu, ma ike njupụta dị nnọọ ala, na kacha okpomọkụ okpomọkụ adịghị elu.Igwe ọkụ na-adị ngwa ngwa n'oge ịgbado ọkụ, na oge obibi okpomọkụ dị elu dị ogologo, na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-egbuke egbuke na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emetụta na mbelata dị ukwuu na mmetụta siri ike, nke a ghaghị ịhazi ya.Iji meziwanye.N'ụzọ dị iche, ịgbado ọkụ eletrik, ịgbado ọkụ laser na ụzọ ndị ọzọ nwere ike dị ala, mana njupụta ume dị elu na ikpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa.The elu okpomọkụ obibi oge dị mkpụmkpụ, okpomọkụ metụtara mpaghara dị warara, ọ dịghịkwa ihe ize ndụ nke ọka ibu.
Ịgbanwe usoro ịgbado ọkụ na n'iji usoro ndị ọzọ dị ka preheating, postheating, multi-layer ịgbado ọkụ na ịchịkwa interlayer okpomọkụ nwere ike ịgbanwe na ịchịkwa ịgbado ọkụ okirikiri okirikiri, si otú na-agbanwe weldability nke metal.Ọ bụrụ na ihe ndị dị ka preheating tupu ịgbado ọkụ ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ mgbe ịgbado ọkụ na-e, ọ ga-ekwe omume kpamkpam nweta welded nkwonkwo na-enweghị mgbape ntụpọ na izute arụmọrụ chọrọ.
3. Ihe nhazi
Ọ tumadi na-ezo aka imewe ụdị nke welded Ọdịdị na welded nkwonkwo, dị ka mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ka structural udi, size, ọkpụrụkpụ, nkwonkwo uzo ụdị, weld okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na ya cross-section udi on weldability.Mmetụta ya na-egosipụtakarị na nnyefe nke okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ ike.Dị iche iche efere ọkpụrụkpụ, dị iche iche nkwonkwo ụdị ma ọ bụ uzo shapes nwere dị iche iche okpomọkụ nyefe ọsọ ntụziaka na ọnụego, nke ga-emetụta crystallization direction na ọka ibu nke a wụrụ awụ ọdọ mmiri.Mgbanwe nhazi, nha efere efere na nhazi weld na-ekpebi nkwụsi ike na njide nke nkwonkwo, nke na-emetụta ọnọdụ nrụgide nke nkwonkwo.Ọdịdị kristal na-adịghị mma, itinye uche na nrụgide siri ike na oke ịgbado ọkụ bụ ọnọdụ bụ isi maka ịmepụta mgbawa ịgbado ọkụ.N'ime imewe ahụ, ibelata isi ike nkwonkwo, ibelata welds cross, na ibelata ihe dị iche iche na-akpata itinye uche na nchekasị bụ ihe niile dị mkpa iji kwalite weldability.
4. Ọnọdụ ojiji
Ọ na-ezo aka na okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọnọdụ ibu na ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'oge oge ọrụ nke ihe owuwu welded.Gburugburu ebe a na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ arụ ọrụ chọrọ ka welded arụ ọrụ nwee arụmọrụ kwekọrọ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ welded na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị ala ga-enwerịrị ihe mgbaji gbajiri agbaji;ihe owuwu na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu ga-enwerịrị nguzogide na-akpụ akpụ;ihe owuwu na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ibu ọzọ ga-enwerịrị ezigbo ike ọgwụgwụ;ihe owuwu na-arụ ọrụ na acid, alkali ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi nnu The akpa welded kwesịrị inwe nnukwu nguzogide corrosion na ihe ndị ọzọ.Na nkenke, ka ọnọdụ ojiji dị njọ karị, ihe dị elu dị elu chọrọ maka nkwonkwo welded, na-esikwu ike iji hụ na weldability nke ihe onwunwe.
Nchọpụta na nyocha index nke weldability nke metal ihe
N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ngwaahịa ahụ na-enweta usoro ikpo ọkụ ọkụ, mmeghachi omume metallurgical, yana nrụgide ịgbado ọkụ na nrụrụ, na-eme ka mgbanwe kemịkalụ kemịkalụ, nhazi nke metallographic, nha na ọdịdị ya, na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke nkwonkwo welded dị iche na nke ahụ. isi ihe, mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna enweghị ike izute ojiji chọrọ.Maka ọtụtụ ọla ndị na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-emegharị emegharị, a ga-eji ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ pụrụ iche dị ka ịgbado ọkụ eletrọn ma ọ bụ ịgbado ọkụ laser iji nweta nkwonkwo dị elu.Ọnọdụ akụrụngwa ole na ole na obere ihe isi ike achọrọ iji mee ka nkwonkwo welded dị mma site na ihe, ka mma weldability nke ihe;N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ bụrụ na usoro ịgbado ọkụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị oke ọnụ, a chọrọ ihe mkpuchi pụrụ iche na usoro usoro, ọ pụtara na ihe ahụ Weldability adịghị mma.
Mgbe a na-emepụta ngwaahịa, a ga-ebu ụzọ nyochaa weldability nke ihe eji eme ihe iji chọpụta ma ihe nhazi ahọpụtara, ihe ịgbado ọkụ, na ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị.Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ iji nyochaa weldability nke ihe.Usoro ọ bụla nwere ike ịkọwa naanị akụkụ ụfọdụ nke weldability.Ya mere, a chọrọ ule iji chọpụta nke ọma weldability.Enwere ike kewaa ụzọ nnwale n'ụdị ịme anwansị na ụdị nnwale.Nke mbụ simulates kpo oku na jụrụ àgwà nke ịgbado ọkụ;ikpeazụ ule dị ka n'ezie ịgbado ọkụ ọnọdụ.Ọdịnaya ule bụ tumadi ịchọpụta chemical mejupụtara, metallographic Ọdịdị, n'ibu Njirimara, na ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ na-anọghị nke ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ nke isi metal na weld metal, na iji chọpụta obere okpomọkụ arụmọrụ, elu okpomọkụ arụmọrụ, corrosion iguzogide, na mgbape mgbochi nke welded nkwonkwo.
Àgwà ịgbado ọkụ nke ihe igwe a na-ejikarị eme ihe
1. Welding nke carbon ígwè
(1) Welding nke obere carbon ígwè
Igwe carbon dị ala nwere obere carbon, obere manganese na ọdịnaya silicon.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ọ gaghị eme ka ihe nrụpụta siri ike ma ọ bụ menyụọ n'ihi ịgbado ọkụ.Ụdị nchara a nwere ezigbo plasticity na mmetụta siri ike, na plasticity na ike nke nkwonkwo ya welded dịkwa oke mma.Preheating na postheating na-adịkarịghị achọ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ, na pụrụ iche usoro na-adịghị mkpa iji nweta welded nkwonkwo na afọ ojuju mma.Ya mere, obere carbon ígwè nwere ezigbo ịgbado ọkụ arụmọrụ na bụ ígwè na kasị mma ịgbado ọkụ arụmọrụ n'etiti niile nchara..
(2) Welding nke ọkara carbon ígwè
Ọkara carbon ígwè nwere elu carbon ọdịnaya na ya weldability dị njọ karịa obere carbon ígwè.Mgbe CE dị nso na oke ala (0.25%), weldability dị mma.Ka carbon ọdịnaya na-abawanye, ike siri ike na-abawanye, na a na-emepụta ihe owuwu martensite dị ala plastic na ngwa ngwa na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emetụta.Mgbe weldment bụ dịtụ isiike ma ọ bụ ihe ịgbado ọkụ na usoro na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ahọrọ, oyi cracks nwere ike ime.Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ nke mbụ oyi akwa nke multi-layer ịgbado ọkụ, n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke isi metal jikọtara n'ime weld, na carbon ọdịnaya, sọlfọ na phosphorus ọdịnaya na-abawanye, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịmepụta na-ekpo ọkụ cracks.Na mgbakwunye, mmetụta uche stomatal na-abawanye mgbe ọdịnaya carbon dị elu.
(3) Welding nke elu carbon ígwè
Igwe carbon dị elu nwere CE karịa 0.6% nwere ike ike dị elu yana ọ na-adịkarị mfe imepụta carbon martensite siri ike na nke na-emebi emebi.Mgbawa na-adịkarị mfe ime na welds na mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara, na-eme ka ịgbado ọkụ sie ike.Ya mere, a naghị eji ụdị ígwè a eme ihe n'ụdị welded, ma a na-eji ya eme ihe ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke nwere ike siri ike ma ọ bụ na-eyi nguzogide.Ọtụtụ n'ime ịgbado ọkụ ha bụ ịrụzi akụkụ ndị mebiri emebi.Ndị a akụkụ na components kwesịrị annealed tupu ịgbado ọkụ mmezi iji belata ịgbado ọkụ cracks, na mgbe ahụ okpomọkụ mesoo ọzọ mgbe ịgbado ọkụ.
2. Welding nke ala alloy elu ike ígwè
Ọdịnaya carbon nke obere alloy dị elu nchara n'ozuzu anaghị agafe 0.20%, na mkpokọta alloying n'ozuzu anaghị agafe 5%.Ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi na ígwè dị elu dị ala dị ala nwere ụfọdụ ihe alloy na arụmọrụ ịgbado ọkụ ya dịtụ iche na nke carbon ígwè.Njirimara ịgbado ọkụ ya bụ ndị a:
(1) Mgbawa mgbawa na nkwonkwo welded
Oyi na-agbaji obere ihe dị elu dị elu nwere C, Mn, V, Nb na ihe ndị ọzọ na-ewusi ígwè ahụ ike, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mfe imesi ike n'oge ịgbado ọkụ.Ihe owuwu ndị a siri ike na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu.Ya mere, mgbe isi ike dị ukwuu ma ọ bụ na-egbochi nrụgide dị elu, ma ọ bụrụ na usoro ịgbado ọkụ na-ezighị ezi nwere ike ime ka mgbawa oyi.Ọzọkwa, ụdị mgbawa a nwere oge igbu oge ma na-emerụ ahụ nke ukwuu.
Reheat (SR) cracks Reheat cracks bụ intergranular cracks na-eme na keadighi rarii ebe dị nso na fusion akara n'oge post-weld nrụgide enyemaka okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ogologo oge elu okpomọkụ ọrụ.A na-ekwenyekarị na ọ na-eme n'ihi oke okpomọkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ na-eme ka V, Nb, Cr, Mo na carbides ndị ọzọ dị nso na HAZ na-agbaze na austenite.Ha enweghị oge ịkwanye n'oge jụrụ oyi mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, ma na-agbasa ma na-ebuli n'oge PWHT, si otú a na-ewusi usoro kristal ike.N'ime, nrụrụ na-akpụ akpụ n'oge ntụrụndụ nrụgide na-elekwasị anya na oke ọka.
Ngwongwo na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ dị elu na-adị ala na-adị elu anaghị adịkarị mfe ịmegharị mgbawa, dị ka 16MnR, 15MnVR, wdg Otú ọ dị, maka Mn-Mo-Nb na Mn-Mo-V usoro obere alloy elu-ike steels, dị ka. 07MnCrMoVR, ebe Nb, V, na Mo bụ ihe ndị nwere mmetụta siri ike na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ụdị nchara a kwesịrị ka a gwọọ ya n'oge ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke weld.Ekwesịrị ịkpachara anya iji zere ebe okpomọkụ dị nro nke mgbawa ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ iji gbochie ihe omume nke reheat cracks.
(2) Embrittlement na nro nke nkwonkwo welded
Nsogbu ịka nká embrittlement nkwonkwo welded kwesịrị ime usoro oyi dị iche iche (ịkpacha akwa, ịkwagharị gbọmgbọm, wdg) tupu ịgbado ọkụ.Igwe ahụ ga-emepụta nrụrụ plastik.Ọ bụrụ na ebe ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihu na 200 ruo 450 ° C, nsogbu ịka nká ga-eme..Mgbochi ịka nká ga-ebelata plasticity nke ígwè ma mee ka okpomọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ebute mgbaji na-agbaji ngwa ngwa.Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ mgbe weld gachara nwere ike iwepụ ụdị ịka nká nke usoro welded ma weghachi ike.
Embrittlement nke weld na mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara ịgbado ọkụ bụ usoro ikpo ọkụ na nke jụrụ oyi na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ, na-ebute usoro na-ezighi ezi.Mgbanwe mgbanwe okpomọkụ nke weld (WM) na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emetụta (HAZ) dị elu karịa nke ígwè isi na ọ bụ njikọ na-adịghị ike na nkwonkwo.Ịgbado ọkụ akara ike nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na Njirimara nke obere alloy elu-ike ígwè WM na HAZ.Ngwongwo dị elu dị ala dị ala dị mfe imesi ike.Ọ bụrụ na ike akara dị ntakịrị, martensite ga-apụta na HAZ ma mee ka mgbawa.Ọ bụrụ na ike ahịrị ahụ buru ibu, mkpụrụ nke WM na HAZ ga-adị njọ.Ga-eme ka nkwonkwo na-agbaji agbaji.E jiri ya tụnyere ígwè na-ekpo ọkụ na nke a na-eme ka ọ dị mma, ígwè na-emenyụ ọkụ na-adị obere kabon na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ karị na mgbaka HAZ nke sitere na ike linear gabigara ókè.Ya mere, mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, akara ike kwesịrị ịbụ nanị na a ụfọdụ nso.
Ịdị nro nke mpaghara ọkụ na-emetụta okpomọkụ nke nkwonkwo welded N'ihi omume nke ịgbado ọkụ ọkụ, n'èzí nke okpomọkụ na-emetụta mpaghara (HAZ) nke obere carbon na-ekpo ọkụ na ígwè na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, karịsịa ebe dị nso Ac1. nke ga-emepụta mpaghara dị nro na ike belata.The structural softening na HAZ zone na-abawanye na-abawanye na ịgbado ọkụ akara ike na preheating okpomọkụ, ma n'ozuzu tensile ike na rọrọ mpaghara ka dị elu karịa ala ịgba nke ọkọlọtọ uru nke isi metal, otú okpomọkụ-emetụta mpaghara. nke ụdị ígwè a na-eme ka ọ dị nro Ọ bụrụhaala na ọrụ ahụ dị mma, nsogbu ahụ agaghị emetụta arụmọrụ nke nkwonkwo ahụ.
3. Welding nke igwe anaghị agba nchara
Enwere ike kewaa igwe anaghị agba nchara ụzọ anọ dịka usoro nchara ya dị iche iche si dị, ya bụ austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, igwe anaghị agba nchara, martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, na austenitic-ferritic duplex igwe anaghị agba nchara.Ndị na-esonụ tumadi nyochaa ịgbado ọkụ àgwà nke austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara na bidirectional igwe anaghị agba nchara.
(1) Welding nke austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara
Igwe anaghị agba nchara Austenitic dị mfe ịgbanye karịa igwe anaghị agba nchara ndị ọzọ.Agaghị enwe mgbanwe n'usoro n'oge okpomọkụ ọ bụla ma ọ naghị enwe mmetụta maka nhụta hydrogen.Njikọ igwe anaghị agba nchara austenitic nwekwara ezigbo plasticity na ike na steeti welded.Isi nsogbu nke ịgbado ọkụ bụ: ịgbado ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ cracking, embrittlement, intergranular corrosion na nrụgide corrosion, wdg Ke adianade do, n'ihi ogbenye thermal conductivity na nnukwu linear mgbasa ọnụọgụ, ịgbado ọkụ nrụgide na deformation bụ nnukwu.Mgbe ị na-agbado ọkụ, ntinye okpomọkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ịdị ntakịrị dị ka o kwere mee, na e kwesịghị inwe preheating, na interlayer okpomọkụ kwesịrị ibelata.Ekwesịrị ịchịkwa okpomọkụ nke interlayer n'okpuru 60 Celsius, na nkwonkwo weld kwesịrị ịkwagharị.Iji belata ntinye ọkụ, ọsịsọ ịgbado ọkụ ekwesịghị ịba ụba nke ukwuu, mana ugbu a kwesịrị ibelata nke ọma.
(2) Welding nke austenitic-ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara ụzọ abụọ
Austenitic-ferritic duplex igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara duplex nwere akụkụ abụọ: austenite na ferrite.Ọ na-ejikọta uru nke austenitic ígwè na ferritic ígwè, n'ihi ya, o nwere àgwà nke ike dị elu, ezigbo nguzogide corrosion na mfe ịgbado ọkụ.Ugbu a, enwere ụdị isi igwe anaghị agba nchara atọ: Cr18, Cr21, na Cr25.Isi njirimara nke ụdị ịgbado ọkụ nchara bụ: ala okpomọkụ dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara;ala embrittlement ọchịchọ mgbe ịgbado ọkụ tụnyere dị ọcha ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara, na ogo ferrite coarsening na ịgbado ọkụ okpomọkụ emetụta mpaghara Ọ bụkwa ala, otú weldability ka mma.
Ebe ọ bụ na ụdị ígwè a nwere ezigbo ịgbado ọkụ, preheating na postheating adịghị mkpa n'oge ịgbado ọkụ.Ekwesịrị iji TIG gbado efere ndị dị gịrịgịrị, enwere ike ịgbado efere dị obere na nke siri ike site na ịgbado ọkụ.Mgbe ị na-agbado site na arc ịgbado ọkụ, e kwesịrị iji mkpara ịgbado ọkụ pụrụ iche nwere ihe ndị yiri ya na metal ntọala ma ọ bụ austenitic mkpara ịgbado ọkụ nwere obere carbon ọdịnaya.Enwere ike iji electrodes alloy dabere na nickel maka ụdị Cr25 nchara okpukpu abụọ.
Igwe nchara nwere okpukpu abụọ nwere oke nke ferrite, yana ihe njiri mara mma nke nchara ferritic, dị ka nhịkọ na 475°C, σ oge mmiri ozuzo embrittlement na ọka na-enweghị isi, ka dị, naanị n'ihi ọnụnọ austenite.Enwere ike nweta ụfọdụ enyemaka site na nguzozi mmetụta, ma ị ka kwesịrị ịṅa ntị mgbe ịgbado ọkụ.Mgbe ị na-agbado igwe anaghị agba nchara Ni-free ma ọ bụ obere Ni duplex igwe anaghị agba nchara, a na-enwe mmasị maka ferrite nke otu nkeji na ịchịkọta ọka na mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara.N'oge a, ekwesịrị itinye nlebara anya na ịchịkwa ntinye ọkụ ịgbado ọkụ, ma gbalịa iji obere ịgbado ọkụ dị ugbu a, nnukwu ịgbado ọkụ na ọwa dị warara.Na multi ngafe ịgbado ọkụ iji gbochie ọka coarsening na otu-phase Ferriteization na okpomọkụ metụtara mpaghara.Okpomọkụ dị n'etiti oyi akwa ekwesịghị ịdị elu.Ọ kacha mma ịgbanye ngafe na-esote mgbe jụrụ oyi.
Oge nzipu: Sep-11-2023