Nhọrọ na nkwadebe nke tungsten electrodes maka GTAW

Nhọrọ na nkwadebe nke tungsten electrodes maka GTAW dị mkpa iji kwalite nsonaazụ yana igbochi mmetọ na ịrụgharị ọrụ.Foto Getty
Tungsten bụ ihe ọla na-adịghị ahụkebe eji eme gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) electrodes.Usoro GTAW na-adabere na ike siri ike na oke okpomọkụ nke tungsten iji nyefee ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na arc.Ebe mgbaze nke tungsten bụ nke kachasị elu n'etiti ọla niile, na 3,410 degrees Celsius.
Eletrọd ndị a na-adịghị eri nri na-abịa n'ụdị nha na ogologo dị iche iche, ma mejupụtara tungsten dị ọcha ma ọ bụ alloys nke tungsten na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa na oxides.Nhọrọ nke electrode maka GTAW na-adabere n'ụdị na ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpụrụ, na ma alternating current (AC) ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem ugbu a (DC) na-eji maka ịgbado ọkụ.Kedu n'ime nkwadebe ngwụcha atọ ị họọrọ, okirikiri, nke a kapịrị ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mkpụbelata, dịkwa oke mkpa maka ịkwalite nsonaazụ yana igbochi mmetọ na ịrụgharị ọrụ.
Eletrọd ọ bụla bụ agba agba iji kpochapụ mgbagwoju anya banyere ụdị ya.Agba na-egosi n'ọnụ ọnụ nke electrode.
Elektrọd tungsten dị ọcha (AWS nhazi ọkwa EWP) nwere 99.50% tungsten, nke nwere ọnụego oriri kachasị elu nke elektrọd niile, ma dịkwa ọnụ ala karịa electrodes alloy.
Eletrọd ndị a na-etolite ọnụ okirikiri dị ọcha mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-enye ezigbo nkwụsi ike maka ịgbado ọkụ AC na ebili mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị.Tungsten dị ọcha na-enyekwa ezigbo nkwụsi ike maka ịgbado ọkụ AC sine, ọkachasị na aluminom na magnesium.A naghị eji ya maka ịgbado ọkụ DC n'ihi na ọ naghị enye mmalite arc siri ike jikọtara ya na thorium ma ọ bụ cerium electrodes.A naghị atụ aro ka iji tungsten dị ọcha na igwe ndị nwere inverter;maka nsonaazụ kacha mma, jiri cerium dị nkọ ma ọ bụ electrodes lanthanide.
Thorium tungsten electrodes (AWS nhazi ọkwa EWTh-1 na EWTh-2) nwere opekata mpe 97.30% tungsten na 0.8% ruo 2.20% thorium.Enwere ụdị abụọ: EWTh-1 na EWTh-2, nwere 1% na 2% n'otu n'otu.N'otu aka ahụ.A na-ejikarị electrodes eme ihe ma na-amasị ha maka ogologo ndụ ha na ịdị mfe iji.Thorium na-emeziwanye ogo ikuku elektrọn nke elektrọn, si otú a na-emeziwanye arc ịmalite na ikwe ka ikike ibu dị ugbu a dị elu.Eletrọd na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ya, nke na-ebelata oke oriri na-eri ma na-ewepụ mkpagharị arc, si otú ahụ na-eme ka nkwụsi ike.E jiri ya tụnyere electrodes ndị ọzọ, thorium electrodes na-edobe obere tungsten n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, ya mere ha na-eme ka mmetọ weld dị ntakịrị.
A na-ejikarị electrodes ndị a eme ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ eletrik kpọmkwem ugbu a (DCEN) nke carbon steel, igwe anaghị agba nchara, nickel na titanium, yana ụfọdụ ịgbado ọkụ AC pụrụ iche (dịka ngwa aluminom dị mkpa).
N'oge mmepụta usoro, thorium na-evenly agbasasị ofụri electrode, nke na-enyere tungsten aka ịnọgide na-enwe nkọ n'ọnụ mgbe egweri-nke a bụ ezigbo electrode udi maka ịgbado ọkụ mkpa ígwè.Mara: Thorium bụ redioaktivu, yabụ ị ga-esorịrị ịdọ aka na ntị nke onye nrụpụta, ntuziaka na mpempe data nchekwa ihe (MSDS) mgbe ị na-eji ya.
Cerium tungsten electrode (AWS nhazi ọkwa EWCe-2) nwere opekata mpe 97.30% tungsten na 1.80% ruo 2.20% cerium, a na-akpọkwa 2% cerium.Eletrọd ndị a na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma na ịgbado ọkụ DC na ntọala dị ugbu a dị ala, mana enwere ike iji akọ mee ihe na usoro AC.Site na mmalite arc ya dị mma na amperage dị ala, cerium tungsten na-ewu ewu na ngwa dị ka tube ụgbọ oloko na nrụpụta ọkpọkọ, nhazi mpempe akwụkwọ, yana ọrụ metụtara obere akụkụ na nke ziri ezi.Dị ka thorium, ọ kacha mma maka ịgbado ọkụ carbon ígwè, igwe anaghị agba nchara, nickel alloys na titanium.N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ nwere ike dochie 2% thorium electrodes.Njirimara eletriki nke cerium tungsten na thorium dịtụ iche, mana ọtụtụ ndị welder enweghị ike ịmata ha.
A naghị atụ aro iji amperage cerium electrode dị elu, n'ihi na amperage dị elu ga-eme ka oxide na-akwaga ngwa ngwa na ikpo ọkụ, wepụ ọdịnaya oxide ma mebie uru usoro ahụ.
Jiri ntụmadị tụrụ atụ na/ma ọ bụ mkpọtu (maka tungsten dị ọcha, cerium, lanthanum na ụdị thorium) maka usoro ịgbado ọkụ AC na DC.
Lanthanum tungsten electrodes (AWS nhazi ọkwa EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 na EWLa-2) nwere opekata mpe 97.30% tungsten na 0.8% ruo 2.20% lanthanum ma ọ bụ lanthanum, a na-akpọkwa ya EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 na EWLa-2 Lanthanum Department nke ọcha.Eletrọd ndị a nwere ikike mmalite nke arc dị mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọkụ dị ala, nkwụsi ike dị mma na njirimara ọchịchị dị mma - ọtụtụ uru dị ka electrodes cerium.Lanthanide electrodes nwekwara ihe omume nke 2% thorium tungsten.N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, lanthanum-tungsten nwere ike dochie thorium-tungsten na-enweghị nnukwu mgbanwe na usoro ịgbado ọkụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịkwalite ikike ịgbado ọkụ, lanthanum tungsten electrode bụ ezigbo nhọrọ.Ha dabara maka AC ma ọ bụ DCEN nwere ọnụ, ma ọ bụ enwere ike iji ya na ọkụ sine AC.Lanthanum na tungsten nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ọnụ dị nkọ nke ọma, nke bụ uru maka ịgbado ígwè na igwe anaghị agba nchara na DC ma ọ bụ AC na-eji a square ife ọkọnọ ike.
N'adịghị ka thorium tungsten, electrodes ndị a dabara adaba maka ịgbado ọkụ AC na, dị ka cerium electrodes, na-ekwe ka a malite na arc ahụ na obere voltaji.E jiri ya tụnyere tungsten dị ọcha, maka nha electrode nyere, mgbakwunye nke lanthanum oxide na-abawanye ikike ibu ugbu a ihe dịka 50%.
Zirconium tungsten electrode (AWS nhazi ọkwa EWZr-1) nwere opekata mpe 99.10% tungsten na 0.15% ruo 0.40% zirconium.Zirconium tungsten electrode nwere ike ịmepụta arc kwụsiri ike ma gbochie spatter tungsten.Ọ bụ ezigbo nhọrọ maka ịgbado ọkụ AC n'ihi na ọ na-ejigide ọnụ okirikiri ma nwee nnukwu nguzogide mmetọ.Ike ibu ya ugbu a hà nhata ma ọ bụ karịa thorium tungsten.A naghị atụ aro ka iji zirconium maka ịgbado ọkụ DC n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla.
Igwe ọkụ tungsten ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe (AWS classification EWG) nwere ihe mgbakwunye ụwa oxide na-adịghị ahụkebe na-akọwapụtaghị ma ọ bụ ngwakọta oxides dị iche iche, mana onye nrụpụta kwesịrị igosi mgbakwunye ọ bụla na pasent ya na ngwugwu.Dabere na mgbakwunye, nsonaazụ achọrọ nwere ike ịgụnye ịmepụta arc kwụsiri ike n'oge usoro AC na DC, ogologo ndụ karịa thorium tungsten, ikike iji obere elektrọd dayameta n'otu ọrụ, yana iji electrodes nke nha nha dị elu ugbu a, na obere tungsten spatter.
Mgbe ịhọrọ ụdị electrode, nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ ịhọrọ nkwadebe njedebe.Nhọrọ atọ ahụ bụ okirikiri, atụnyere na mkpọda.
A na-ejikarị ọnụ ọnụ okirikiri eme ihe maka tungsten dị ọcha na electrodes zirconium ma akwadoro maka usoro AC na sine wave na igwe ebili mmiri GTAW ọdịnala.Iji mee ka njedebe nke tungsten dị mma, tinye naanị AC ugbu a akwadoro maka dayameta electrode nyere (lee foto 1), a ga-emepụta bọọlụ na njedebe nke electrode.
Dayameta nke njedebe okirikiri ekwesịghị ịfe 1.5 ugboro dayameta nke electrode (dịka ọmụmaatụ, electrode 1/8-inch kwesịrị ịmepụta njedebe 3/16-inch).Ebe buru ibu n'ọnụ ọnụ electrode na-ebelata nkwụsi ike arc.Ọ nwekwara ike dapụ ma metọọ weld.
A na-eji ndụmọdụ na/ma ọ bụ ndụmọdụ mkpụkpụ (maka tungsten dị ọcha, cerium, lanthanum na ụdị thorium) na-eji usoro ịgbado ọkụ AC na DC.
Iji na-egweri tungsten nke ọma, jiri wiil egweri emebere maka ịkụ tungsten (iji gbochie mmetọ) na wiil egweri nke borax ma ọ bụ diamond (iji guzogide ike tungsten).Mara: Ọ bụrụ na ị na-egweri thorium tungsten, biko jide n'aka na ị na-achịkwa ma nakọta uzuzu;ebe egweri nwere usoro ikuku ventilashị zuru oke;ma soro ịdọ aka ná ntị, ntụziaka na MSDS nke onye nrụpụta.
Ghichaa tungsten ozugbo na wiil na ogo 90 (lee foto 2) iji hụ na akara egweri na-agbatị n'ogologo nke electrode.Ime otú ahụ nwere ike ibelata ọnụnọ nke ridges na tungsten, nke nwere ike ime ka akpafu arc ma ọ bụ gbazee n'ime ọdọ mmiri weld, na-ebute mmetọ.
N'ozuzu, ịchọrọ ịkwanye taper na tungsten na ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 2.5 ugboro dayameta electrode (dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka 1/8-inch electrode, ala ala dị 1/4 ruo 5/16 sentimita asatọ n'ogologo).Igwe tungsten n'ime cone nwere ike ime ka ngbanwe nke mmalite arc dị mfe, ma mepụta arc gbadoro anya karị, ka e wee nweta ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ ka mma.
Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ na mkpa ihe (0.005 ka 0.040 sentimita) na ala ugbu a, ọ kasị mma na-egweri tungsten ruo otu ebe.Ọnụ ọnụ ahụ na-enye ohere ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na arc lekwasịrị anya ma na-enyere aka igbochi nrụrụ nke ọla dị mkpa dị ka aluminom.A naghị atụ aro ka iji tungsten a kapịrị ọnụ maka ngwa dị elu ugbu a n'ihi na nke dị elu ga-agbapụ n'ọnụ tungsten ma mee ka mmetọ nke ọdọ mmiri weld.
Maka ngwa ndị dị elu dị ugbu a, ọ kacha mma ịkwanye n'ọnụ mkpọda.Iji nweta udi a, tungsten na-ebu ụzọ gbadaa na taper akọwara n'elu, wee gbadaa 0.010 ruo 0.030 sentimita.Ala dị larịị na njedebe tungsten.Ala dị larịị na-enyere aka igbochi tungsten ibufe site na arc.Ọ na-egbochikwa ịmepụta bọọlụ.
WELDER, nke a na-akpọbu Practical Welding Today, na-egosi ezigbo ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa anyị na-eji ma na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị.Magazin a ejirila ndị na-agbado ọkụ na North America ozi ihe karịrị afọ 20.

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