SMAW, nke a na-akpọkwa nke ọma dị ka electrode arc welding, bụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ nke na-eme ka arc na-adọta site na electrode na akụkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ na-agbaze site na arc okpomọkụ.Ọ bụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ nke a na-ejikarị na nke a na-ahụkarị ugbu a.
Arc bụ ihe na-eme ikuku.Arc ịgbado ọkụ bụ ihe siri ike ma na-adịgide adịgide nke a na-emepụta na ikuku gas n'etiti electrode na workpiece.N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, electrode na welding na-otu n'otu jikọọ na abụọ electrodes nke ịgbado ọkụ isi iyi.Mgbe isi ịgbado ọkụ nke electrode kọntaktị n'elu nke weldment, a na-agbanye sekit ahụ, a na-emepụta nnukwu oge dị mkpirikpi n'otu oge ahụ.Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ihe mgbochi ụfọdụ na kọntaktị, dị ka Q = I2Rt si kwuo, a ga-emepụta nnukwu okpomọkụ n'ebe ahụ, na okpomọkụ ga-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa ma gbazee kọntaktị ahụ.Mgbe eletrọd na-ebuli elu site na 2 ~ 4mm, ikuku gas dị n'etiti electrode na weldment bụ ionized, na-emepụta electrons na-eduzi na ion dị mma.N'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik, ndị electrons na-aga na anode, na ion ndị dị mma na-aga na cathode.Ha na-agbakọ ma na-ejikọta ya na-aga n'ihu, na-agbanwe ike nke kinetic ka ọ bụrụ ume ọkụ, si otú ahụ na-emepụta ọkụ siri ike na nnukwu okpomọkụ, na-akpụ arc n'etiti njedebe nke electrode na weldment.
The arc agbaze ọgwụgwụ nke electrode na kwekọrọ ekwekọ weldment n'otu oge.Igwe weld ahụ na-agbaze ka ọ bụrụ ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, metal electrode ahụ na-agbazekwa ka ọ bụrụ ntụpọ.Mmụba mmiri ndị a wụrụ awụ na-abanye n'ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ n'okpuru ọrụ ike ndọda na arc na-afụ, na-ejikọta ya na ígwè nke weldment ahụ, wee mepụta weld mgbe ọ gbasiri ike.N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, mkpuchi ahụ na-agbaze ka ọ bụrụ slag na nnukwu gas na-emepụta, nke na-echebe ma na-eji metallurgically na-emeso ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ.
Arc ịgbado ọkụ nwere akụkụ atọ: mpaghara cathode, mpaghara anode na mpaghara arc kọlụm.Mpaghara cathode na-ewepụta elektrọn, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị ala, ihe dịka 2400K;mpaghara anode na-anabata electrons, na okpomọkụ dị elu, ihe dịka 2600K;etiti okpomọkụ nke mpaghara arc kọlụm bụ nke kachasị elu, ihe dịka 6000 ~ 8000K.
Mgbe ị na-eji DC arc ịgbado ọkụ isi iyi (dị ka arc ịgbado ọkụ rectifier) maka ịgbado ọkụ, e nwere abụọ njikọ ụzọ: nti njikọ na agbara njikọ.Njikọ dị mma bụ usoro njikọ nke electrode na-ejikọta na electrode na-adịghị mma na workpiece jikọtara na electrode dị mma.Ebe ọ bụ na electrode dị mma na-anabata electrons ma na-emepụta okpomọkụ karị, weldment dị mfe ịbanye, n'ihi ya, a na-ejikarị usoro njikọ a maka ịgbado ọkụ workpieces.Reverse njikọ bụ njikọ usoro nke electrode jikọọ na nti electrode na workpiece jikọọ na-adịghị mma electrode.Ebe ọ bụ na okpomọkụ eme site na electrons emitted site na-adịghị mma electrode bụ obere, na weldment adịghị mfe ọkụ site, otú a njikọ usoro na-ejikarị maka ịgbado ọkụ mkpa workpieces.
Okpomọkụ nke arc ịgbado ọkụ na-emepụta dabara na ngwaahịa nke voltaji arc na ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a (ya bụ, Q=IUt).Na-emekarị, voltaji n'etiti weldment na electrode mgbe arc bụ stably ọkụ na-akpọ arc voltaji, na arc voltaji na-emekarị na nso nke 20 ~ 35V.N'ihi na arc voltaji na-agbanwe ntakịrị, a na-edozi okpomọkụ arc site n'ịgbanwe oge ịgbado ọkụ na mmepụta.
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Oge nzipu: Dec-30-2022 